DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE

 

Scientists think philosophically, is expected to understand the philosophy of life, explore basic elements of science practiced thoroughly so it is wise to understand the source, nature and purpose of science is practiced, including its use for the community. To achieve that goal, the educational process should not merely to achieve an end goal but also to learn the things done to achieve the ultimate goal. Thus, in addition to scientists as the magicians also have the wisdom, truth, ethics and aesthetics. Epistemologically it can be said that the science that exists today is the result of the accumulation of knowledge that occurs with growth, pergan-tian and absorption theory. The emergence of new theories that reinforce the old theory will strengthen the image of normal science. However, anomalies in scientific research can not finish by FITNESS FOR paradigm that references the research, led to the development of a new paradigm that can solve problems and guide subsequent research (giving birth to the revolution of science). 

 Growth theory and a paradigm shift is po-la normal development of a mature science. Development of analysis tools also encourage the development of science. Examples of epistemology of science where there is a change and a paradigm shift theory looks at the development of the atomic theory, theory of heredity and the discovery of the universe. In the development of science, an error may occur, especially during the formation of a new paradigm. However, you should avoid is making mistakes that then covered and recognized as truth. · 

The development of the atomic theory atomic concept proposed by Leucippus and Democritus (6th century BC): material (everything in nature) are physically prepared by a number of very small objects (atoms). Atoms are very small particles, solid and can not be shared, moving in space, and is eternal. According to John Dalton (1766-1844) each chemical element is formed by particles that can not be parsed (atom). A paradigm shift occurs when apparently proved that atoms can be divided and still have an electron (JJ Thomson 0.1856 to 1940) and protons (E. Goldstein, 1886). Knowledge that the atom could be divided to make them scientists and their atomic structure. Thomson, likened atoms such as white bread with raisins, in which electrons and positive particles are evenly distributed. Of research E. Rutherford (1871-1937) concluded that the electron orbiting around the nucleus. This postulate repaired by J. Chadwick (1891-1974): the atom has a nucleus consisting of nuclei and electrons orbiting around it, and then refined by considering the Niels Bohr atomic energy quantization effects. Theories of atomic structure and still continue to be refined. 

When this started happening anomaly which sued the existing paradigm. Murray Gell-Mann (1964) says, protons and neutrons can still be divided into quarks. · The development of the theory of inheritance notion of inheritance has existed since ancient times. Plato understood esensialismenya explains, everyone is a shadow of the ideal type. Essence, human beings are equal and diversity in the world is meaningless. The development of this theory begins with Darwin’s dilemma: what causes what maintains variation and variation? According to F. Galton, each child’s tendency towards the average of the properties of its parent. Hereditary traits and mixed continuum-nyu, children are the average of both parents, then no variation. Meanwhile, according to Darwin, keragamanlah that matters, not the average but Darwin could not explain why such diversity can occur. Provisional hypothesis explains that the coffee cells of any tissue that is inserted into the blood (gemmules) was the one that produces the diversity when gemmule formed and converted back into the cell body at the time of reproduction. But, the history of science cell development further prove this hypothesis wrong. 

Mendell who do cross nuts and produce different varieties, smooth and wrinkled but nothing in the middle, concluded that inherited traits are discrete, there are dominant and some are recessive, but do not mix. The theory was then used as the basis for the development of the theory of heredity. · The development of the theory of the solar system prediction of the sun, stars, moon and eclipse has done the nation Baylonia, 4000 years ago. Greek Cosmology (4SM) states the earth and all the heavenly bodies center around the earth. The concept is broken Copernicus (1473-1543) which states that the sun is the center of the solar system and the earth moves in a circular orbit.

sumber : http://id.shvoong.com/humanities/philosophy/1787020-perkembangan-ilmu-pengetahuan/